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Introducing the 2015 NEW AIR TECHNOLOGY The latest UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES from Belarus Russia APPLICATIONS AND DESIGN GUIDELINES The demand on flying is old as humankind. As mankind has conquered the air and flying has been possible a path to unlimited revolutionary new application areas has been opened. These applications can be sorted in the following groups: transportation of person or goods, warfare, security and surveillance, scientific experiments and data acquisition. Traditionally these applications require manned aircrafts equipped by highly skilled pilots and staff. Therefore the operational and maintenance cost are still high despite of the fact that the cost of aircrafts and aerospace components are decreasing. As the technology and electronic computers advanced the requirement of cutting the cost of many of these applications created a new class of air systems, the unmanned aerial systems. Common characteristics of these systems that the operational costs are lower by a decade, operating does not require highly skilled pilots therefore these UAV systems are excellent choices for cost sensitive public applications which require professional solutions. In the following list some of our target applications can be read: APPLICATIONS: 1/. A ir surveillance and photography 3/. security and defense (border control, area patrolling, monitoring industrial areas, oil and gas pipelines, 4/. electrical transmission lines, search for lost people, mass monitoring) 5/. archaeology There are many UAV solutions on the market in different scales and complexities. These can be classified from the viewpoint of effective range, system complexity, covered application area. Reliability: This principle is the most important property of our system. We know that thereis no second chance in a UAV mission. A system failure is unacceptable atthese applications. Not only our reputation is jeopardized but even human life is endangered. Therefore all system components and software are designed for stable operation, long operating life and for harsh environmental conditions. We try to minimize the human factor in the system for reducing the risk of operator errors. The system has several emergency automatisms for the case of for example battery failure or communication jamming. The UAV can be autonomously operated but there is anytime the possibility of manual intervention when unforeseen circumstances occur. Therefore all UAV telemetry data (position, speed, height, battery charge, etc.) can be monitored real‑time. Security: It is important that no incompetent, unauthorized party can gain important mission data out of the system. Therefore all the communication and stored data is secured by authorization and encryption. Fully automatic flight capability: The system is capable to autonomously fly on a route of waypoint, placed over a map. The autopilot stabilizes the aircraft and navigates it on the flight route with the aid of GPS sensor. No manual intervention is needed under normal operating conditions. Robust communication: The usability of the system depends on the stable communication between the UAV and the ground monitoring station. In most cases the application requires real‑time data transmission from the aircraft at a high data rate, such as real‑time video streams. Our communication system is designed for long range, low latency and security. The communication is flexible and adaptive to always maximize the communication channel capacity. The modulation method is very robust and performs well in line‑of‑sight and non‑line‑of‑sight situations. Own design: The whole system, every key component and subsystem is designed by us or is fully under our control which fact provides us outstanding flexibility to user demands and requests and makes us independent from international market limitations. Easy, user friendly operation:
The system requires no infrastructure for operation. The operation requires nospecial skills, all necessary knowledge is provided during a short training. The maintenance costs are low, the aircrafts, sensors, other components are designed for long operating life. Virsitile : The system is flexible, supports different sensor and aircraft types and can be extended in the future. The aircraft is suitable to the most applications and can be equipped with even with user defined payload (with size, weight and power consumption limitation). Effective range of 15 km Stabilized dual camera sensors: easily reconfigurable visible, color camera sensor and thermal camera sensor is offered with our system mounted on a gyro‑stabilized pan‑tilt pedestal. Color camera sensor has zoom feature and provide high resolution, color images. Thermal camera sensor is working in the 8‑12 um range and provides digital images with 16 bit thermal resolution.
Advanced image processing based object tracking is implemented in the on‑board Imaging system for fast and accurate target observation UAV system is a complete real‑time surveillance system with all the hardware and software components and support services which are required by the modern customers. The system has an air frame with BXAP15 aircraft which has an action radius more than 20 km with onboard autonomous navigation, high resolution video camera and video transmitter and recorder units. The BXGC10 ground control station with computers, antenna system and launch catapult is for real‑time control and monitor the BXAP15 airplanes, to aid the launch and recovery. The ground control station can be installed in the field or in a vehicle. AIR‑FRAME UAV system incorporates a high capacity, versatile, durable air platform which is carefully designed and developed specifically for unmanned surveillance purposes. It is small but powerful. Thanks to the careful aerodynamic design and composite technology UAV airplane has high endurance (up to 1.5 hour flight time), high payload capacity (3 kg of user defined payload) combined with the advantages of electrical propulsion. It is small and easily transportable in a factory provided hard case. All necessary components are preinstalled on the aircraft. After unpacking only 5 major components have to be connected together by a simple "click" or by fixing a screw. Neither special tool, nor complex adjustment procedure are required. The process is so simple that one person can do it in 2 minutes. PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Air Speed: 50‑110 km/h The speed range is carefully selected for general surveillance applications. The speed is referenced to the air medium and not to the ground. The speed over ground value (SOG) is influenced by wind direction and magnitude. Higher air speed can be reached during dipping, in that case 150 km/h is the maximal air speed. Maximal Wind Magnitude: 40 km/h The ceiling value represents an altitude range referenced to the starting altitude level which grants optimal flying properties to the aircraft. Beyond this value the overall efficiency of the propulsion and the endurance may be degraded. Ceiling value mostly depends on the propeller because the air density decreases with altitude thus propeller blades with different higher pitch values needed for higher altitudes. The propeller can be changed by the user and makes it possible to fly at higher altitudes. The propeller mounted to the motor shaft determines the endurance, climbing rate, flight speed and altitude range, however it can be easily replaced by the user we suggest to use certified propellers otherwise we can not guarantee these parameters. Our certified propellers have high quality, matched to the aircraft and propulsion system and balanced perfectly for low noise output and low vibration. Climbing rate: 2 m/s The wing profile is carefully designed for good aerodynamic properties and provides superior gliding capability to the UAV and grants longer mission time by decreasing battery consumption. The wing is splitted in three pieces for easy transportation and can be easily assembled and mounted on the aircraft by screw. Length: 1.7 m This dimension provides good stability to the UAV. Because the body of the plane is made in one piece this is the largest dimension which determines the size of transportation hard case. Payload capacity: 3 kg User can place any payloads in the front of UAV. Payloads can be attached and detached easily by screws. Stable connection to the aircraft is guaranteed by uniform mechanical interface. The payloads and battery can be replaced in seconds. We provide some standard payloads such as high resolution visible light video camera and high resolution thermal camera. Take‑off Weight: 17 kg Maintenance‑free, brushless, electric motor with internal cooling system grants reliability, high climbing rate, long endurance and long maintenance‑free period for the UAV. Low vibration compared to combustion engines provides low noise output and better video picture quality. The propeller mounted to the motor shaft determines the endurance, climbing rate, flight speed and altitude range, however it can be easily replaced by the user we suggest to use certified propellers otherwise we can not guarantee these parameters. Certified propellers have high quality, matched to the aircraft and propulsion system and balanced perfectly for low noise output and low vibration. Battery: Lithium‑Polymer Reliable, high capacity, low weight batteries gives the excellent endurance and climbing capabilities to UAV. These batteries can be easily replaced between missions for quick take‑ off. Although these batteries require less maintenance the health of the battery determines the aircraft performance. Therefore we provide a battery charger and conditioner unit with each UAV system to make it easier for the user to keep the batteries in good working order. Endurance: up to 1.5 hour The excellent propulsion system and aerodynamics of the UAV make this value possible. Endurance strongly depends on the battery type and health condition furthermore on flight route, wind conditions and mission altitude above the starting position. Often varying altitude during mission, higher wind speed or higher mission altitude require higher engine power and consume battery power decreasing mission time. UAV can provide this endurance time under most conditions but it cannot be guaranteed under any conditions. AUTOPILOT UAV autopilot is a microcontroller based autonomous navigation unit, which uses GPS for navigation and inertial sensor for stabilization. Our sensors are using modern MEMS technology, which yields small size, low weight, long operation time and high precision. Our autopilot, such the other components of BHE UAV system is designed for maximal reliability, precision and easy operability. Reliability is reached by using a dedicated ARM core microcontroller which does no other task only navigation, MEMS sensors which contain no conventional mechanical components and by careful software design which means that the software is tested even under extreme conditions and it can handle unexpected events. The GPS sensor has high sensitivity. Main technical features: 32 bit ARM core processor: we have selected ARM core for our microcontroller, because it is the market leader industrial solution for microcontrollers, it is very stable and reliable MEMS pressure sensors: the accurate measurement of airspeed (by Pitot tube) and barometric altitude is also important for navigation and it is done by high quality, miniature pressure sensors Main services: Autonomous onboard navigation: our autopilot is able to stabilize and navigate the BHE UAV airplane on a defined route where the user specifies GPS coordinates and altitude over ground for each waypoints Preset flight maneuvers: in case of special flight events, such as loss of communication or an important sensor a predefined protocol will be executed by the autopilot to try to drive the aircraft back to the starting point
ONBOARD DATA LOGGER The UAV airborne system contains an on‑board data logger which receives video signals and other telemetry from onboard units and telecommand data from ground control, stores the video in high quality on flash disk. PAYLOADS We provides two standard payloads for wide application areas. These payloads have a common mechanical interface which enables fast payload replacement. The battery is also can be replaced comfortably. These payloads have visible light or thermal cameras placed on an electromechanically stabilized gimbal system. It provides very stable video image in a wide range of situations, during different flight maneuvers.The camera payload has basic mechanical protection against impacts. Digital picture stabilization: electronically fine stabilization of the image is User Defined Payload: Any kind of user defined equipment can be placed on the uniform mechanical interface. We supplies empty compartment for fitting any payload by the user. The weight of payload must be less than 3 kg. The proper weight balance of the aircraft must be maintained and the payload must not influence the aerodynamics of the aircraft. COMMUNICATION UAV system has adaptive, long range, reliable, robust wireless radio communication data link. The link operates on the C band (4.5‑4.9 GHz). The range is better than 5 kilometers and will be extended further. The data radios using highly interference tolerant spread spectrum modulation. Video is transmitted to ground on a high speed channel, command and telemetry is transmitted via lower speed but more robust channel. Robustness is also enhanced the error detection and correction coding. The radio link is adaptive so the radio parameters are depend on the distance between the aircraft and the ground control station. The communication is protected by additional scrambling for higher security. GROUND CONTROL STATION The UAV ground control station is a modular system which consist of a computer database server, one or more computer workstations, communication equipment with antennas and mast, GPS and wind sensors and the launch catapult. The database server and the workstation can be the same computer. The system can be mounted on a vehicle or it can be installed on ground. Every component can be disassembled for easier transportation. A transport hard case is provided for the system. The purpose of the ground control station is to provide all hardware elements for controlling the UAV, aid the take‑off and store every mission specific data. The real‑time control and monitor application runs on a workstation which can be placed far to the ground control station only a network connection must be set up between them. The database server stores every important data for further analysis. The user can replay the missions, search for a specific date and time. The data can be exported from the database. To provide a reliable and stable data link between the UAX aircraft the antennas are placed on a rotating mast. The BHE UAV have to be inserted in the catapult and slipped into the guiding rails. An electrical motor accelerate the aircraft to the take‑off speed.
The ground control station has one or more computers, which are organized in a local area network. The heart of the system is the database server, which receives, processes and stores every pieces of information about the mission (telemetry data, command data, video streams, etc.). Furthermore the system contains the navigation client software, surveillance client software, server management software and other software utilities, which can run on the server computer or on separate workstations. The workstations are in connection with the server, by database query the actual data flow or a previously stored data flow can be retrieved from the server and it is displayed at the operator's workstation.
A mission route can be created offline and can be modified online. A mission route contains all information for the UAV to be able to complete the mission fully automatically without need of manual supervision or control. The 3D coordinates of the starting point, the ending point and the middle waypoints must be defined, point‑by‑point or with the aid of the advances features of the navigator client software. Along the route the camera orientation can be defined for fully automatic visual observation applications. Special control functions can be associated with the waypoints (activating digital outputs, etc). Flight routes can be saved or loaded from the server. Main functions of the navigator client software Mission planning: 4k Aircraft alarm indications CONCLUSIONS The presented UAV system is under testing and is waiting for the final approval. Currently the UAV system operates with all major functions and the system parameters are continuously enhanced BXAP15 UAV FEATURES
SPECIFICATIONS GROUND CONTROL STATION PAYLOAD User defined: Other equipment up to 3 kg (net SENSORS
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